高能重离子碰撞末态分布的探讨

应用流体动力学模型,分别采用包含相变的状态方程和不含相变的状态方程,计算了每对核子能量为100GeV~(197)Au—~(197)Au 碰撞的末态碎裂时空分布、末态快度分布,并分析讨论了影响末态分布的因素.     

大学战略管理的创新之道:跨学科案例的启示

战略管理源起于军事领域,在复杂性理论的观照下军事与教育两种理论具有可通约性,军事上的战略创新对大学战略管理转型具有参照性意义。以"新四军"为案例,其发展历程中战略转型所彰显的"创新精神"对大学战略管理的重要借鉴价值在于:大学要因时而变,引领时代发展;要权宜应变,不断回归大学本质;要适时善变,采取个性化的治校之术。     

语段理论下汉语存现句的生成机制研究

存现句是一种特殊的句式,具有跨语言的性质,一般认为其下位句型包括存在甸与隐现句。对汉语存现句相关问题的研究也一直是国内外生成语言学者研究关注的热门话题,通过对汉语存现句的研究进行回顾,发现以往对汉语存现句的研究大多是在管约论框架下进行的,研究的主要问题包括以下几个方面：1．存现句的生成机制;2．句首处所名词组的语法地位;3．存现动词的性质;4．动词后名词组的赋格问题。其中存现句的生成机制问题是最为根本的问题,生成语言学者对此也是各持己见。本文尝试在语段理论的框架下,对汉语存现句的推导生成做尝试性探究,力图寻求汉语存现句统一的生成机制。     

华中抗日根据地建设廉洁政治之实践与启示

抗日战争时期,华中抗日根据地根据党中央提出的＂建立廉洁政府＂的政治纲领,进一步建立与健全法律制度,加强干部队伍的思想、作风建设,实行以法治为基础的综合治理,为党的反腐倡廉建设积累了丰富的经验,与贪污腐败的国民党政权形成了鲜明的对比。     

冲击型负荷下的生产存储模型研究

建立了考虑冲击需求、变化生产率的最优生产存储库存策略. 其特点是:把一个生产周 期分为多个生产阶段,各个生产阶段时间可以不同;在每个生产阶段中,允许生产率小于需求 率,允许提前生产;而且,最大生产率要小于最大需求率. 研究发现,为满足冲击需求,提前存储 较多而启动机器数量较少,或提前存储较少而启动机器数量较多,不一定能够取得最佳效益, 要根据存储费用和启动费用共同确定. 在有限生产率的条件下,得出一种寻求最优生产- 库存 策略,为此类库存系统的管理决策提供了理论依据.     

过渡时期:向哪里过渡?

马克思所说的过渡时期是向共产主义社会第一阶段过渡,而不是向共产主义社会高级阶段过渡;而向共产主义社会第一阶段过渡,仅仅完成消灭剥削阶级的任务是远远不够的,还必须完成消灭阶级的历史任务。20世纪以来社会主义实践中存在的一个重要问题,就是提前宣布进入社会主义,混淆了过渡时期与共产主义社会第一阶段的界限,造成了理论与实践之间的严重错位。     

五四时期写实主义理论的开放性

尽管韦勒克说现实主义的理论是极为拙劣的美学,但是针对现实主义/写实主义以及文学史出现过的其他流派,我们应该以历史主义的标准来评价,而不是用后来发展起来的审美趣味来评价其价值。五四时期的写实主义理论是在一种开放的语境中形成的,不同观点之间的差异构成了它的开放形态,它打破了旧文学模式的封闭樊篱,使文学可以直接面对现实生活;它直接参与社会变革而不是在审美王国中自我陶醉;它应合社会思潮、参与思想论争,使文学产生震撼人心的社会效应,而不是在形式技巧的游戏中自生自灭。因此,从历史的视角看,五四时期的写实主义并不像韦勒克所说的那么拙劣,而是具有推动历史变革的力量的。     

Bayesian sample size determination for phase IIA clinical trials using historical data and semi‐parametric prior's elicitation

The Simon's two‐stage design is the most commonly applied among multi‐stage designs in phase IIA clinical trials. It combines the sample sizes at the two stages in order to minimize either the expected or the maximum sample size. When the uncertainty about pre‐trial beliefs on the expected or desired response rate is high, a Bayesian alternative should be considered since it allows to deal with the entire distribution of the parameter of interest in a more natural way. In this setting, a crucial issue is how to construct a distribution from the available summaries to use as a clinical prior in a Bayesian design. In this work, we explore the Bayesian counterparts of the Simon's two‐stage design based on the predictive version of the single threshold design. This design requires specifying two prior distributions: the analysis prior, which is used to compute the posterior probabilities, and the design prior, which is employed to obtain the prior predictive distribution. While the usual approach is to build beta priors for carrying out a conjugate analysis, we derived both the analysis and the design distributions through linear combinations of B‐splines. The motivating example is the planning of the phase IIA two‐stage trial on anti‐HER2 DNA vaccine in breast cancer, where initial beliefs formed from elicited experts' opinions and historical data showed a high level of uncertainty. In a sample size determination problem, the impact of different priors is evaluated.     

A novel approach based on multiple correspondence analysis for monitoring social networks with categorical attributed data

In in most cases, the distribution of communications is unknown and one may summarize social network communications with categorical attributes in a contingency table. Due to the categorical nature of the data and a large number of features, there are many parameters to be considered and estimated in the model. Hence, the accuracy of estimators decreases. To overcome the problem of high dimensionality and unknown communications distribution, multiple correspondence analysis is used to reduce the number of parameters. Then the rescaled data are studied in a Dirichlet model in which the parameters should be estimated. Moreover, two control charts, Hotelling’s T² and multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA), are developed to monitor the parameters of the Dirichlet distribution. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation studies in terms of average run length criterion. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real case.     

Risk factors for severe perineal trauma during vaginal childbirth: A Western Australian retrospective cohort study

AimTo determine rates and risk factors for third and fourth degree perineal tears (severe perineal trauma) in a Western Australian context.Design and settingA retrospective hospital-based cohort study was performed using computerised data for 10,408 singleton vaginal deliveries from 28 weeks gestation.MethodsWomen with severe perineal trauma were compared to those without. Logistic regression analysis, stratified by parity, was used to assess demographic and obstetric factors associated with perineal trauma.ResultsSevere perineal trauma incidence was 3% (338/10408), 5.4% (239/4405) for primiparas and 1.7% (99/5990) for multiparas (p < 0.001). Adjusted risk factors associated with trauma and common across parity included Asian or Indian ethnicity, shoulder dystocia and assisted delivery. Epidural analgesia (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.96), preterm birth (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.72) and episiotomy (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74) were protective in primiparas, while episiotomy was associated with increased risk in multiparas (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18–3.45). Additional factors among primiparas were occipito posterior (OP) delivery (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.75–6.41) and prolonged second stage (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.46–2.68), and among multiparas included gestational diabetes (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.03) and birth weight >4000 g (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.10–3.15).ConclusionParity differences in risk factors such as episiotomy, infant weight, OP delivery, gestational diabetes and prolonged second stage warrant investigation into clinical management. Although rates differ internationally, and replication evidence has confirmed consistency for certain demographic and obstetric factors, the development of internationally endorsed clinical guidelines and further research around interventions to protect the perineum are recommended.